This program is designed to contribute to the solution of problems in Asia and Africa(AA). Taking the lead, Japanese research institutions work to form research hubs, which both implement projects and foster young researchers. JSPS funding over the 3-year duration of projects is up to ¥30 million (or ¥10 million per year) for projects started in FY2005 and FY2006, or up to ¥15 million (or ¥5 million per year) for projects started after FY2007 and FY2008. (Started from FY2005.)