(S): Creative/pioneering research conducted by one or a relatively small number of researchers. (5 years in principle; 50 to 200 million yen per project) (A), (B), (C): Creative/pioneering research conducted by one researcher or jointly by multiple researchers. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Pioneering/Exploratory) Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Scientists Grant-in-Aid for Special Purposes Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results Publication of Research Results Enhancement of International Dissemination of Information Scientific Literature Databases lead the way to radical transformation of and change in the existing framework and/or direction of research as well as upgrade and level-up of scientific research in Japan through more challenging and exploratory research, and expected to lead to Transformative Research Areas (A) in the future. (3 years; 50 million yen or less per fiscal year per research area) (A) 3 to 5 years; 20 million to 50 million yen (B) 3 to 5 years; 5 million to 20 million yen (C) 3 to 5 years; 5 million yen or less Research conducted by a single or multiple researcher that aims at radically transforming the existing research framework and/or changing the research direction and has a potential of rapid development. The scope of the (Exploratory) category encompasses research proposals that are highly exploratory and/or are in their budding stages. (Pioneering) 3 to 6 years; 5 million to 20 million yen (Exploratory) 2 to 3 years; 5 million yen or less Research conducted by an individual researcher (*2) who is less than 8 years after Ph.D. acquisition. (2 to 5 years; up to 5 million yen per project) Research conducted by a single researcher who has been freshly appointed to a research position, or who has returned from his/her maternity, childcare or other kinds of leave. (1 to2 years; up to 1.5 million per fiscal year) Individuals who belong to educational or research institutions, private companies, etc. and engage in the researches to contribute to the promotion of the science. (1 year; 100 thousand to 1 million yen per project) Research projects of pressing urgency and importance. Subsidy for publication and/or international dissemination of research achievements of high academic values executed by academic societies and other organizations. Subsidy for efforts by academic societies and associations to strengthen international dissemination of academic information for the purpose of international academic exchange. Subsidy for academic publication of research results (books) authored by an individual or a group of researchers. Subsidy for creation and operation of a database open to public use, by an individual or a group of researchers. (A) (B) (C) MF (S) MF SG MF MF SG MF SG [Preface]
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