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○ Ensuring soundness and fairness of research activities  With the internationalization and openness of research activities in the recent   As such, researchers should endeavor to ensure the transparency of and have (research integrity) years, there is a growing concern such as undue foreign influence and other factors leading to researchers unknowingly being trapped in conflict of interest or conflict of responsibilities or to the leakage of scientific and technological information. full accountability for their research activities when conducting research internationally, and appropriately report and declare any necessary information to their affiliated institutions in accordance with the rules, etc. on conflict of interest and other related matters established by their affiliated institutions. For details, refer to the following website: Discussions on research integrity Cabinet Office: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/kokusaiteki/integrity.html [When conducting research with KAKENHI]