| 1.Research Institution | Tohoku University | |
| 2.Research Area | Life Science | |
| 3.Research Field | Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Environment and Application to Biotechnology | |
| 4.Term of Project | FY1996〜FY2000 | |
| 5.Project Number | 96L00604 | |
| 6.Title of Project | Molecular approaches for the improvement of productivity and quality of plants by studying nitrogen utilization and photosynthesis |
| Name | Institution,Department | Title of Position |
| Tomoyuki Yamaya | Tohoku Univ., Grad. School of Agric. Sci. | Professor |
8.Core Members
| Names | Institution,Department | Title of Position |
| Hiromichi Morikawa | Hiroshima Univ., Fac. of Sci. | Professor |
| Tadahiko Mae | Tohoku Univ., Grad. Shool of Agric. Sci. | Professor |
| Hiroki Nakagawa | Chiba Univ., Fac. of Horticulture | Professor |
9.Cooperating Researchers
| Names | Institution,Department | Title of Position |
| Katsura Izui | Kyoto Univ., Grad. School of Biostudies | Professor |
| Kunisuke Tanaka | Kyoto Pref. Univ., Fac. of Agriculture | Professor |
| Masahiko Saigusa | Tohoku Univ., Experimental Farm | Professor |
10.Summary of Research Results
|
In order to improve productivity of crops, we obtained following results in the current research term, 2000. 1) Transgenic rice at T3 generation expressing antisense RNA for NADH-GOGAT under the control of CaM35S promoter decreased in the weight of 1000-spikelets. While, transgenic rice overexpressing NADH-GOGAT gene under the control of own promoter increased. 2) Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the contents of GS1 and NADH-GOGAT proteins overlapped with QTLs for yield, senescence, etc. were detected on chromosomes of rice. 3) Super-high yield (10t/ha) was achieved using "Akita63", a new cultivar of rice, according to the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics. 4) Low content of cyt. f in rice chloroplasts caused low photosynthetic rate under high CO2. 5) A cDNA for PEPC-kinase was cloned and the expression system in E. coli was constructed. 6) Transgenic rice expressing antisense RNA for NDP-kinase showed that this enzyme is required for coleoptile elongation. In relation to the improvement of quality, followings were obtained. 1) Two cDNAs for anion channel which transports nitrate ions were cloned. cis element and trans acting factor which regulate expression of NR gene were identified in the promoter region. These findings are the basis for creation of low nitrate plants. 2) Nitrite reductase is important in the removal of nitrogen dioxide in air. Furthermore, more than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation were detected among 217 plant taxa. 3) Molecular mechanisms for storage of proteins in rice endosperm were analyzed in relation to the production of valuable substances. Growth test of transgenic rice and evaluation of safety were conducted in the P1-isolated field after an open hearing. |
11.Key Words
(1)nitrogen utilization、(2)photosynthesis、(3)productivity
(4)quality of crops、(5)transformation、(6)P1 isolated field
(7)molecular physiology、(8)removal of nitrogen dioxide、(9)QTL analysis
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| J. Plant Nutrition | 23 | 2000 | 1485-1493 | |
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| Int. J. Horticultural Science | 6 | 2000 | 39-42 | |
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| A. Ombdi | Reducing nitrate content in lettuce using polyolefin-coated fertilizers | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Int. J. Horticultural Science | 6 | 2000 | 35-38 | |
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| Plant Biotechnology | 17 | 2000 | 93-98 | |
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| L. Pan | Nucleoside diphosphate kinase required for coleoptile elongation in rice | |||
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| Plant Physiol. | 122 | 2000 | 447-452 | |
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| M. Kawai | Coleoptile senescence of rice (Oryza sativa L. ) | |||
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| Annals of Botany | 86 | 2000 | 405-414 | |
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| Plant Cell Physiol. | 41 | 2000 | 275-278 | |
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| Imprime a l'Universite de Paris Sud, Orsay, France | 1997 | ||
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| Elsevier, Amsterdam | 1998 | 699 | |
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| Elsevier, Amsterdam | 1998 | 53-68 | |
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| T. Yamaya | Challenge of Plant and Agricultural Sciences to the Crisis of Biosphere on the Earth in the 21st Century | ||
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| Biotechnology Intelligence Unit, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, U. S. A. | 2000 | 191-198 | |
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| T. Yamaya | Plant Genetic Engineering vol 3: Improvement of Major Food Crops | ||
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| Associated Publishing Co., India | 200# | in press | |
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| H. Morikawa | Air Pollution and Biotechnology in Plants | ||
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| Springer-Verlag | 200# | in press | |
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| Academic Press | 2001 | in press | |
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| Springer-Verlag | 2001 | in press | |