| 1.Research Institution | Tokyo Institute of Technology | |
| 2.Research Area | Life Sciences | |
| 3.Research Field | Organism Constructing Mechanisms | |
| 4.Term of Project | FY1996〜FY2000 | |
| 5.Project Number | 96L00404 | |
| 6.Title of Project | Mechanisms of Cell Fate Determination |
| Name | Institution,Department | Title of Position |
| Hiroki Nishida | Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Engineering | Associate Prof. |
8.Core Members
| Names | Institution,Department | Title of Position |
| Kazuhiro Makabe | Kyoto University, Graduate School of Science | Assistant Prof. |
| Takahito Nishikata | Konan University, Faculty of Science and Engineering | Associate Prof. |
| Hidetoshi Saiga | Tokyo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Science | Associate Prof. |
9.Cooperating Researchers
| Names | Institution,Department | Title of Position |
| Katsumi Takamura | Fukuyama University, Faculty of Engineering | Associate Prof. |
| Hiroki Takahashi | National Institute for Basic Biology | Assistant Prof. |
| William R. Bates | Okanagan University College (Canada) | Associate Prof. |
10.Summary of Research Results
|
This project is aimed to investigate how cell fates are determined during early embryogenesis. We selected the urochordates ascidian embryo as a model system because of its simplicity, and performed experimental and molecular approaches. We carried out cDNA project in which 20,000 arrayed clones (corresponds 10,000 clusters) of maternal massage were sequenced in both terminal to generate EST database, and 3,000 clones were in situ hybridized to reveal mRNA localization/expression in eggs and embryos. The data is available through www. Among the posterior-localized clones, we successfully identified macho-1 mRNA as a muscle determinants in ascidian eggs. We also investigate the mechanisms by which maternal RNAs are localized in embryos. It was found that short sequences in 3'UTR are sufficient for posterior localization in several clones. Several cDNAs of RNA-binding proteins were isolated as candidates that are involved in localization processes. Invariant cleavage pattern plays an essential roles in precise partitioning of cytoplasmic determinants and localized egg RNAs. We identified the centrosome-attracting body (CAB) that cause asymmetric positioning of nuclei and hence unequal cleavages. Ascidian embryos also utilize inductive cell interactions for the formation of notochord and mesenchyme. By investigating these inductive processes in detail, we proposed "Directed Signal and Asymmetric Division Model" that is inferred to occur in various kinds of animal embryos that consist of small cell number. These progresses would bring significant advance in understanding embryogenesis, and would greatly contribute to understand development of various chordates including human. |
11.Key Words
(1)embryogenesis、(2)developmental fates、(3)ascidian
(4)cytoplasmic determinants、(5)cDNA project、(6)localized RNA
(7)cleavage pattern、(8)embryonic induction、(9)RNA-binding protein
12.References
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nishida, H. | Vegetal egg cytoplasm promotes gastrulation and is responsible for specification of vegetal blastomeres in embryos of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Development | 122 | 1996 | 1271-1279 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kumano, G., Yokosawa, H., and Nishida, H. | Biochemical evidence for membrane-bound endoderm-specific alkaline phosphatase in larvae of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Eur. J. Biochem. | 240 | 1996 | 485-489 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Yamada, A., and Nishida, H. | Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants in unfertilized eggs of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 206 | 1996 | 297-304 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nishida, H., and Kumano, G. | Analysis of temporal expression of the endoderm-specific alkaline phosphatase during development of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 39 | 1997 | 199-203 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Bates, W. R., and Nishida, H. | Developmental roles of nuclear complex factors released during oocyte maturation in the ascidians Halocynthia roretzi and Boltenia villosa. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Zool. Sci. | 15 | 1998 | 69-76 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kumano, G., and Nishida, H. | Maternal and zygotic expression of the endoderm-specific alkaline phosphatas gene in embryos of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 198 | 1998 | 245-252 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Oka, T., Amikura, R., Kobayashi, S., and Nishida, H. | Localization of mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA in myoplasm of the early ascidian embryos. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 41 | 1998 | 1-8 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Chiba, S., Satou, Y., Nishikata, T., and Satoh, N. | Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for epidermis-specific, and muscle-specific genes in Ciona savignyi embryos. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Zool. Sci. | 15 | 1998 | 239-246 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nishida, H., and Sawada, K. | macho-1 encodes localized mRNA in ascidian eggs that specifies muscle fate during embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Nature | 409 | 2001 | 724-729 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nakatani, Y., Yasuo, H., Satoh, N., and Nishida, H. | Basic fibroblast growth factor induces notochord formation and the expression of As-T, a brachyury homolog, during ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Development | 122 | 1996 | 2023-2031 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kawaminami, S., and Nishida, H. | Induction of trunk lateral cells, the blood cell precursors, during ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 81 | 1997 | 14-20 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nakatani Y., and Nishida, H. | Ras is an essential component for notochord formation during ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Mech. Dev. | 68 | 1997 | 81-89 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kim, G. J., and Nishida, H. | Monoclonal antibodies against differentiating mesenchyme cells in larvae of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Zool. Sci. | 15 | 1998 | 553-559 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nakatani, Y., and Nishida, H. | Duration of competence and inducing capacity of blastomeres in notochord induction during ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 41 | 1999 | 449-453 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kim, G. J., and Nishida, H. | Suppression of muscle fate by cellular interaction is required for mesenchyme formation during ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 214 | 1999 | 9-22 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Wada, S., Katsuyama, Y., and Saiga, H. | Anterior-posterior patterning of the epidermis by inductive influences from the vegetal hemisphere cells in the ascidian embryo. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Development | 126 | 1999 | 4955-4963 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kim, G. J., Yamada, A., and Nishida, H. | An FGF signal from endoderm and localized factors in the posterior-vegetal egg cytoplasm pattern the mesodermal tissues in the ascidian embryo. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Development | 127 | 2000 | 2853-2862 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kamei, S., Yajima, I., Yamamoto, H., Kobayashi, A., Makabe, K. W., Yamazaki, H., Hayashi, S. I., and Kunisada, T. | Characterization of a novel member of the FGFR family, HrFGFR, in Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Biochem Biophys Res Commun. | 275 | 2000 | 503-508 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Minokawa, T., Yagi, K., Makabe, K. W., and Nishida, H. | Binary specification of nerve cord and notochord cell fates in ascidian embryos. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Development | 2001 | 印刷中 | ||
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kim, G. J., and Nishida, H. | Role of FGF and MEK signaling pathway in the ascidian embryo | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 2001 | 印刷中 | ||
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Darras, S., and Nishida, H. | The BMP signaling pathway is required together with the FGF pathway for notochord induction in the ascidian embryo. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Development | 2001 | 印刷中 | ||
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Darras, S., and Nishida, H. | The BMP/CHORDIN antagonism controls sensory pigment cell specification and differentiation in the ascidian embryo | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 2001 | 印刷中 | ||
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Sasakura, Y., Ogasawara, M., and Makabe, K. W. | HrWnt-5: a maternally expressed ascidian Wnt gene with posterior localization in early embryos. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Int. J. Dev. Biol. | 42 | 1998 | 573-580 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Sasakura, Y., Ogasawara, M., and Makabe, K. W.. | Maternally localized RNA encoding a serine/threonine prote in kinase in the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Mech. Dve. | 76 | 1998 | 161-163 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kobayashi, A., Sasakura, Y., Ogasawara, M., and Makabe K. W. | A maternal RNA encoding smad1/5 is segregated to the animal blastomeres during ascidian development. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 41 | 1999 | 419-427 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Sasakura, Y., and Makabe, K. W. | Ascidian Wnt-7 gene is expressed exclusively in the tail neural tube of tailbud embryos. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 210 | 2000 | 641-643 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kawashima, T., Kawashima, S., Kanehisa, M., Nishida, H., and Makabe, K. W. | MAGEST: MAboya Gene Expression patterns and Sequence Tags. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Nuc. Acids Res. | 28 | 2000 | 133-135 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Ogasawara, M., Minokawa, T., Sasakura, Y., Nishida, H., and Makabe, K. W. | A large-scale whole-mount in situ hybridization system: rapid one-tube preparation of DIG-labeled RNA probes and high throughput hybridization using 96-well silent screen plates | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Zool. Sci. | 18 | 2001 | 187-193 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Yagi, K., and Makabe, K. W. | Isolation of an early neural maker gene abundantly expressed in the nervous system of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 211 | 2001 | 49-53 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Makabe, K. W. et al. | Large-scale cDNA analysis of the maternal genetic information in the egg of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi, for the gene expression catalog during development | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Development | 2001 | 印刷中 | ||
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Hibino, T., Nishikata T., and Nishida, H. | Centrosome-attracting body: A novel structure closely related to unequal cleavages in the ascidian embryo. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 40 | 1998 | 85-95 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nishikata, T., Hibino, T., and Nishida, H. | The centrosome-attracting body, microtubule system, and posterior egg cytoplasm are involved in positioning of cleavage planes in the ascidian embryos | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 209 | 1999 | 72-85 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Iseto T., and Nishida, H. | Ultrastructual studies on the centrosome-attracting body: Specific electron-dense matrix and implications of it's role in unequal cleavage | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 41 | 1999 | 601-609 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Nishikata, T., and Wada, M. | Molecular characterization of myoplasmin-Cl: a cytoskeletal component localized in the myoplasm of ascidian eggs. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 206 | 1996 | 72-79 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Wada, M. R., Ohtani Y., Shibata, Y., Tanaka, K. J., Tanimoto, N., and Nishikata, T. | An alternatively spliced gene encoding a Y-box protein showing maternal expression and tissue-specific zygotic expression in the ascidian embryos. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 40 | 1998 | 631-640 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Chiba, S., Miki, Y., Ashida, K., Wada, M. R., Tanaka, K. J., Nakamori, R., and Nishikata, T. | Interactions between cytoskeletal components during ooplasmic segregation in the myoplasm of ascidian eggs. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 41 | 1999 | 265-272 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kawashima, T., Murakami, A. R., Ogasawara, M., Tanaka, K. J., Isoda, R., Sasakura, Y., Nishikata, T., Okano, H., and Makabe, K. W. | Expression patterns of musashi homologus of the ascidians, Halocynthia roretzi and Ciona intestinalis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 210 | 2000 | 162-165 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Tanaka, K. J., Kawamura, H., Matsugu, H., and Nishikata, T. | An ascidian glycine-rich RNA-binding protein is not induced by temperature-stress but is expressed under a genetic program during embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Gene | 243 | 2000 | 207-214 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Tanaka, K. J., Kawamura, H., and Nishikata, T. | The transcript coding for an RNA-binding protein is localized in the anterior side of the ascidian 2-cell stage embryo. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 210 | 2000 | 464-466 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Sasakura, Y., Ogasawara, M., and Makabe, K. W. | Two pathways of maternal RNA localization at the posterior-vegetal cytoplasm in early ascidian embryos. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 220 | 2000 | 365-378 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Wada, S., and Saiga, H. | Cloning and embryonic expression of Hrsna, a snail family gene of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi: implication in the origins of mechanisms of mesoderm specification and body axis formation in chordates. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 41 | 1999 | 9-18 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Wada, S., and Saiga, H. | Vegetal cell fate specification and anterior neuroectoderm formation by Hroth, the ascidian homologue of orthodenticle/otx. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Mech. Dev. | 82 | 1999 | 67-77 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Katsuyama, Y., Sato, Y., Wada, S. and Saiga, H. | Ascidian tail formation requires caudal function | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 213 | 1999 | 257-268 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Sasakura, Y., and Makabe, K. W. | A gene encoding a new ONECUT class homeodomain protein in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi functions in the differentiation and specification of neural cells in ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Mech. Dev. | 2001 | 印刷中 | ||
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Tanaka, J. K., Chiba, S., and Nishikata, T. | Two distinct cell types identified in the asidian notochord | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Zool. Sci. | 13 | 1996 | 725-730 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Hori, S., Saitoh, T., Matsumoto, M., Makabe, K. W., and Nishida, H. | A Notch homologue from Halocynthia roretzi is preferentially expressed in the central nervous system during ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 207 | 1997 | 371-380 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Hirano T., and Nishida, H. | Developmental fates of larval tissues after metamorphosis in ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. I. Origin of mesodermal tissues of the juvenile. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 192 | 1997 | 199-210 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Takahashi, H., Ishida, K., Makabe, K. W., and Satoh, N. | Isolation of cDNA clones for genes that are expressed in the tail region of the ascidian tailbud embryo. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Int. J. Dev. Biol. | 41 | 1997 | 691-698 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Takamura, K. | Nervous network in larvae of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 208 | 1998 | 1-8 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Takamura, K. | What are the ascidian test cells? Some suggestions for their origin and functions | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Zygote | 6 | 1998 | S75-S76 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Katsuyama, Y., and Saiga, H. | Retinoic acid affects patterning along the anterior-posterior axis of the ascidian embryo. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Growth Differ. | 40 | 1998 | 413-422 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Yamada, A., and Nishida, H. | Distinct parameters are involved in controlling the round of cell division in each tissue during ascidian embryogenesis. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| J. Exp. Zool. | 284 | 1999 | 379-391 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Wada, M. R., Murakami, A. R., Kawamura, H., Nakamori, R., Tanaka, K. J., Nakayama, H., and Nishikata, T. | The expression of the protochordate homologue of the proteasome regulatory subunit Rpn12 is transcriptionally, and post-translationally regulated during cleavage stage. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Zool. Sci. | 16 | 1999 | 125-129 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Hirano, T., and Nishida, H. | Developmental fates of larval tissues after metamorphosis in the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. II. Origin of endodermal tissues of the juvenile. | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Genes Evol. | 210 | 2000 | 55-63 | |
| Author | Title of Article | |||
| Kobayashi, K., and Nishida, H. | Nuclear plasticity and timing mechanisms of the initiation of alkaline phosphatase expression in cytoplasm-transferred blastomeres of ascidians | |||
| Journal | Volume | Year | Pages Concerned | |
| Dev. Biol. | 2001 | 印刷中 | ||
| Author | Title of Book | ||
| Hiroki Nishida et al. (Joint work) | Current Developmental Biology | ||
| Publisher | Year | Pages | |
| Kodan-sha | 1996 | 168 | |
| Author | Title of Book | ||
| Hiroki Nishida et al. (Joint work) | Sensors in Cognition: Trick of Signaling in Life | ||
| Publisher | Year | Pages | |
| Yoshioka Shoten | 1997 | 127 | |
| Author | Title of Book | ||
| Kazuhiro Makabe | Cloning without trouble | ||
| Publisher | Year | Pages | |
| Syujun-sha | 1997 | 208 | |
| Author | Title of Book | ||
| Takahito Nishikata | Dealing Protein without Fear | ||
| Publisher | Year | Pages | |
| Syujun-sha | 1997 | 204 | |
| Author | Title of Book | ||
| Nishida H., Makabe K., Saiga H. et al. (Joint work) | Biology of Ascidian | ||
| Publisher | Year | Pages | |
| Tokyo University Press | 1998 | 258 | |
| Author | Title of Book | ||
| Hiroki Nishida et al. (Joint work) | Revealing Mystery of Animal Body Formation | ||
| Publisher | Year | Pages | |
| Tokyo Kagaku Dojin | 2001 | 印刷中 | |